Overcoming the Five Dysfunction of a Team Essay

The majority of Patrick Lencioni’s work The Five Dysfunctions of a Team is a fictionalized account of a very typical management challenge. The fictitous company is DecisionTech, a 150 person software start-up in Silicon Valley. The company, thanks to the efforts of Jeff the company’s firstCEO, is well funded and staffed with top level executives. However, the company is lagging behind several competitors and the board has replaced Jeff with Kathryn. Kathryn immediately begins a careful review of the situation and determines that the senior management team isn’t much of a team at all. Utilizing a series of exercises and off-site meetings, Kathryn begins an aggressive team building (and team thinning). She opens ever meeting of her direct reports with the following speech: â€Å"We have a more experienced and talented executive team than any of our competitors. We have more cash than they do†¦We have better core technology. And we have a powerful board of directors. Yet in spite of all that, we are behind two of our competitors in terms of both revenue and customer growth. Can anyone here tell me why that is?† In fact, Kathryn goes on to open every executive team meeting with this very quote. In time, Kathryn observes the personality traits of her team and their short comings clearly illustrate the 5 dysfunctions of a typical team: Teams need trust to communicate honestly and openly > Absence of Trust   Fear of Conflict Teams must commit together > Lack of Commitment. (Trust is a Prereq) Avoidance of Accountability Inattention to results Kathryn succeeds in righting the ship and turning DecisionTech around but not without some trials and tribulations on the way. The newly invigorated executive team is much much stronger. More Key Points Common team goals lead individuals to making better decisions, seeing beyond their own potentially narrow self interests and really moving the needle in the corporate world.   The catch is simple: building and maintaining a team is hard work and can force even the most seasoned professional well outside of their traditional comfort zones. Professionals have disparate work habits, communication styles and levels of emotional intelligence. Getting everyone to pull in the same direction can be tough work! This book also includes pages of worksheets, self-assessments and more. This work is a quick one or two hour read. Recommended Resources For a more in-depth, comprehensive summary of Five Dysfunctions of a Team

Patients With Neurologic Dysfunction Health And Social Care Essay

Keshin Himura is a 42-year-old patient diagnosed with pituitary prolactinoma, a benign tumour that arises from the pituitary secretory organ, ensuing in a lessening in libido and powerlessness and increased milk production of the chest. The patient besides has ailments of concern and sleepiness and the presence of ocular field alterations and papilledema preoperatively.What postoperative attention should the nurse provide the patient?The nurse should supply the undermentioned postoperative attention to the patient: Evaluate joke physiological reaction and ability to get down Offer semisoft diet Perform neurologic cheques Monitor critical marks Maintain neurologic flow chart Reorient patient when necessary to individual, clip and topographic point If with ictuss, carefully proctor and and protect from hurt Check motor map at intervals Assess for centripetal perturbations Evaluate addressThe patient ‘s household asks the nurse how will they cognize that the jobs the patient had before surgery have stopped ; what is the nurse ‘s best response?Through observation, carry oning series of trial that will be provided by the doctor ( e.g. MRI, CT scans ) to look into if the tumours are already diminished, because presence of tumour will still suppress the marks and symptoms of the upset. The primary aim of the surgical intercession is to take or destruct the full tumour without increasing the neurologic shortage and to alleviate symptoms by decompression. And if there is no grounds of tumour, the normal degrees of endocrine would return in usual, the patient will no longer see the symptoms of the disease.What direction schemes should the nurse anticipate will be ordered to care for diabetes insipidus if it occurs?The aim of the therapy is: To replace ADH To guarantee equal fluid replacing To rectify the implicit in intracranial job ( pituitary prolactinoma ) A unstable want trial is ordered by the doctor to corroborate for the diagnosing of diabetes insipidus by: keep backing fluids by 8 to 12 hours Patient is weighed often during the trial Plasma and urine osmolality surveies are performed at the beginning and terminal of the trial. The inability to increase the specific gravitation and osmolality of the piss is an indicant of Diabetes insipidus Pharmacologic Therapy Administer Desmopressin ( DDAVP ) intranasally, BID as ordered Nursing Management Establish baseline informations ( weight, BP, I/O spiel ) , Monitor BP and weight often throughout therapy and study sudden alterations to physician Monitor I/O and specific gravitation and serum osmolality as ordered If patient has Coronary arteria disease, utilize this drug with cautiousness as this drug causes vasoconstriction Avoid concentrated fluids as this addition piss volumeWhat discharge instructions should the nurse provide the patient and household?Most patients will pass at least one dark in the intensive attention unit ( ICU ) and so typically 2 or 3 extra darks on a regular ( non-ICU ) ward after surgery The patient will probably hold some incisional hurting and mild to chair concern for which he will be given pain medicine. A CT scan or MRI will be ordered before discharge Ask patient to return 2-3weeks after surgery Inform patient to return 2-3months after 1st check-up Inform household to watch out for marks of DI ( intense thirst, frequent micturition ) . Refer instantlyManagement of Patients with Neurologic DysfunctionA ACase Study 2Hiehachi Nishima, a 22-year-old patient who weighs 150 lbs, nowadayss to the exigency section ( ED ) after being thrown from his Equus caballus and go throughing out for a few proceedingss ; he regained consciousness. The friend who was besides siting a Equus caballus called the squad. The patient presented with a GCS of 15, and the neuro test was within normal bounds ( WNL ) . The ED physician wrote the orders for a CT scan without contrast of the caput, CBC, nephritic and metabolic profile, PT, PTT, and INR. The nurse sent the labs and had the IV of NS at keep-open rate per ED protocol hanging. The nurse was expecting radiology to name for the patient to travel for the CT when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious, stiffened his full organic structure, and so had violent musculus contractions. The re spirations are really shallow, and the lips and nail bed became bluish. The patient lost control of vesica and intestine. The patient spot his lingua and blood is coming from the oral cavity. The radiology section calls and is ready for the patient.List in the right order the actions that should be taken by the nurse.Before and during a ictus, the patient is assessed and the undermentioned points are documented: The fortunes before the ictus The happening of aura The first thing the patient does in the ictus – where motions or stiffness Begins, conjugate regard place, place of caput The type of motions in the portion of the organic structure involved The countries of the organic structure involved The size of the students and whether the eyes are unfastened Whether the eyes or the caput are turned to one side The presence or absence of automatisms Incontinence of piss or stool Unconsciousness and its continuance Any obvious palsy or failing of weaponries or legs after the ictus Inability to talk after the ictus Motions at the terminal of the ictus Whether or non the patient slumbers or non afterwards Cognitive position after the ictus In add-on to supplying informations about the ictus, nursing attention is directed at forestalling hurt and back uping the patient non merely physically but besides psychologically. Consequences such as anxiousness, embarrassment, weariness, and depression can be lay waste toing to the patient. After the patient has a ictus, the nurse ‘s function is to document the events taking to and happening during and after the ictus to forestall complications.Explain what type of ictus the patient is holding, and depict the three stages of the patient ‘s ictus and the specific nursing attention for each phase.The patient had a tonic-clonic ( gran mal ) ictus. There are three stages viz. the aura, the quinine water and the clonic stage. In the aura stage is the premonition of an epileptic onslaught. It characterized by episodes of Deja vu or Jamais vu. The client may besides hold auditory, olfactory, or even ocular hallucinations, unnatural gustatory sensations, and prickling esthesiss. Physical symptoms include giddiness, concern, dizziness, sickness, numbness. Though in this instance, the client did non demo marks of the aura stage. *Nsg Mgt: Provide privateness and protect the patient from funny looker-ons Patients who have an aura may hold clip to seek a safe, private topographic point Ease the patient to the floor, if possible Loosen constricting vesture Push aside any furniture that may wound the patient during a ictus If an aura precedes the ictus, insert an unwritten air passage to cut down the possibility of the patient ‘s seize with teething the lingua The following is the tonic stage. It is normally the shortest portion of the ictus, enduring non more than merely a few seconds. In this instance, it is when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious and stiffened his full organic structure. *Nsg Mgt: Protect the caput with a tablet to forestall hurt from striking a difficult surface If the patient is in bed, take pillows and raise side tracks The last is the clonic stage. It is when the client had violent musculus contractions, really shallow respirations, the lips and nail beds became bluish, lost control of vesica and intestine and seize with teeth his lingua. *Nsg Mgt: Do non try to prise unfastened jaws that are clenched in a cramp or to infix anything. Broken dentition and hurt to the lips and lingua may ensue from such an action. No effort should be made to keep the patient during the ictus because muscular contractions are strong and restraint can do hurt If possible, place the patient on one side with caput flexed frontward, which allows the lingua to fall frontward and facilitates drainage of spit and mucous secretion. If suction is available, utilize if necessary to clear secernments.The ED physician orders the followers: Valium ( Valium ) 10 milligram every 10 to 15 proceedingss prn for ictuss ( maximal dosage of 30 milligram ) . Once seizures halt, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB. ECG monitoring continuously, VS, GCS, neuro cheques every 30 proceedingss. Explain what meds the nurse should supply, in what order, and how they should be administered.The nurse should supply Valium injection ( Valium ) 10 milligram IM PRN every 10 to 15 mins. ( max 30mg ) for his ictus to relief the musculus cramp. For the long term alleviation, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB lading dose STAT, one time the ictuss stop. Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) is an anti-seizure medicine ( anticonvulsant ) , parti cularly to forestall tonic-clonic ( expansive mal ) ictuss and complex partial ictuss ( psychomotor ictuss ) .We use piggyback to administrate different IV drugs at different times. Dilantin can do crossness to the venas and can do serious tissue and/or nervus harm if it infiltrates. So we should administrate it with normal saline. Pull up the drugs in a syringe and attach it to the piggyback port on the IV tube cassette, which is run at the same time with the primary IV fluid ( normal saline ) . Run it easy and maintain an oculus on the ECG proctor. This ECG monitoring should be done continuously to assist place irregular pulses. For the critical marks, Glasgow coma graduated table and neuro V/S, it should be look into every 30 proceedingss to supply dependable, nonsubjective manner of entering the witting province of a individual for initial every bit good as subsequent appraisal.Group AssignmentsHave each member reference nursing direction related to caring for an unconscious pat ient. Preventing Urinary Retention Palpate vesica at intervals to find whether urinary keeping is present If patient is non invalidating, an indwelling catheter is inserted and connected to a closed drainage system as ordered Observe for febrility and cloudy piss for infection Observe the country around the urethral opening for any drainage Equally shortly as consciousness is regained, a bladder-training plan initiated Promote Bowel Function Assess venters for dilatation by listening for intestine sounds ( irregular rippling sounds should be heard every 5-20sec ) Measuring the girth of the venters with a tape step. Proctor for the figure and consistence of intestine motions Perform rectal scrutiny for marks of faecal impaction as ordered. Stool softeners may be prescribed and can be administered with tubing eatings Glycerin suppository may be indicated to ease intestine emptying May require clyster every other twenty-four hours to empty lower colon Maintain Skin and Joint Integrity Monitor force per unit area countries for possible ulcerations Establish a regular agenda of turning to avoid force per unit area, which can do breakdown and mortification of the tegument This provides kinaesthetic, proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation Avoid dragging and drawing the patient up in the bed, because this creates a shearing force and clash on the tegument surface Maintain correct organic structure place Passive exercising of the appendages is of import to forestall contractures Splints or foam boots may be used to forestall foot bead and force per unit area of bedding on the toes Trochanter axial rotations may be used to back up the hip articulations and maintain the legs in proper alliance Supplying Mouth Care Inspect oral cavity for waterlessness, redness, and crusting Cleanse and rinse oral cavity carefully to take secernments and crusts and to maintain the mucose membranes moist Administer petroleum jelly on the lips to forestall drying, checking and incrustations. If patient has an endotracheal tubing, the tubing should be moved to the opposite side of the oral cavity and lips Perform everyday tooth brushing every 8hrs to diminish ventilator-associated pneumonia Keeping the Airway Promote the caput of bed to 30 grades to forestall aspiration. Topographic point the client in sidelong place to let the jaw and lingua to fall frontward to advance drainage of secernments. Suction for secernments as needed Maintain unwritten hygiene Chest physical therapy and postural drainage to advance pneumonic hygiene Auscultate the patient ‘s thorax every 8 hours to measure for any deviated breath sounds. If the patient has a mechanical ventilator, maintain the patency of the endotracheal tubing or tracheotomy, supply unwritten attention, monitor arterial blood gas measurings and keeping ventilator scenes. Protecting the Patient Raise side rails up every bit ever to forestall hurt Ensure the patient ‘s self-respect during altered LOC, talking to the client during nursing attention activities. Keeping Fluid Balance and Managing Nutritional Needs Assess tegument turgor and mucose membrane for waterlessness Monitor for consumption and end product and find the demands for catheterisation Continuing Corneal Integrity Patient ‘s eyes may be cleansed with cotton balls moistened with unfertile normal saline to take any discharge. For unreal cryings ( prescription by the doctor ) , may present every 2 hours. Keeping Body Temperature The environment can be adjusted ( depending on the patient ‘s status ) to advance normal organic structure temperature. If body temperature is elevated, a minimal sum of bedclothes is used. For geriatric patients and does n't hold any elevated temperature, a heater environment is needed. Supplying Centripetal Stimulation Communicate with patient, and promote the household members to make it so. Orient the patient to clip, day of the month, and topographic point one time for every 8 hours. Have each group member develop a nursing diagnosing related to a patient with an altered degree of consciousness. Identify possible jobs and complications related to the nursing diagnosing.Nursing DiagnosisPotential Problems and Complications1. Ineffective airway clearance related to altered degree of consciousness Aspiration 2. Hazard for impaired tegument unity related to prolonged stationariness Bed sore Pressure ulceration 3. Impaired Urinary riddance: keeping related to impairment in neurologic detection and control Bladder dilatation Infection Formation of rocks 4. Impaired tissue unity of cornea related to decrease or remove corneal physiological reaction Periorbital hydrops Ulcers Corneal scratchs 5. Deficient fluid volume related to inability to take fluids by oral cavity Dehydration Cerebral hydrops 6. Interrupted household processes related to alterations in the cognitive and physical position of their loved 1 Crisis Severe anxiousness, denial, choler, compunction, heartache, and rapprochement 7. Hazard for hurt related to decreased LOC Fallss 8. Ineffective thermoregulation related to damage to hypothalamic centre Hyperthermia 9. Impaired unwritten mucose membrane related to talk external respiration, absence of guttural physiological reaction and altered fluid intake Dryness Inflammation Crusting 10. Bowel incontinency related to impairment neurologic detection and control Abdominal dilatation Diarrhea Frequent loose stools As a group, place possible complications that may originate in the postoperative stage of cranial surgery. Increased ICP Monro-Kellie hypothesis provinces that, because of the limited infinite for enlargement within the skull, an addition in any one of the constituents causes a alteration in the volume of the others.because encephalon tissue has limited infinite to spread out, compensation typically is accomplished by displacing or switching CSF, increasing the soaking up or decreasing the production of CSF, or diminishing intellectual volume ensuing to an addition ICP. Bleeding and hypovolaemic daze An accretion of blood under the bone flap ( epidural, subdural, or intracerebral haematoma ) may present a menace to life. A coagulum must be suspected in any patient who does non rouse as expected or whose conditions deteriorates. Fluid and electrolyte perturbations IV solutions and blood constituent therapy for patients with intracranial conditions must be administered easy. If they are administered excessively quickly, they can increase ICP. The measure of fluids administered may be restricted to minimise the possibility of intellectual hydrops. Infection The hazard of infection is great when ICP is monitored with an intraventricular catheter and increases with the continuance of the monitoring. Seizures Underliing cause is an electrical perturbation in the nervus cells in one subdivision of the encephalon. An unnatural motor, sensory, autonomic, or physical activity that consequence from sudden inordinate discharge from intellectual nerve cells. Have each group member place a type of ictus. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosing, and intervention of each.Generalized Seizures:This are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in the whole encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes loss of consciousness for a short or long period of clip.Types of SeizureClinical Manifestationâ€Å" Grand Mal † or Generalized tonic-clonicUnconsciousness Paroxysms Muscle rigidnessAbsenceShort loss of unconsciousnessMyoclonicIrregular jerked meat motionsClonicInsistent jerked meat motionsTonicMuscle stiffness and rigidnessAtonicLoss of musculus tone Diagnosis: Physical scrutiny peculiarly neurologic scrutiny Electroencephalogram For impermanent and reversible causes of ictuss: Blood chemical science Blood sugar Complete Blood Count Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Kidney map trial Liver map trials Trial to find the cause and location: EEG ( electroencephalograph ) to mensurate the electrical activity in the encephalon Head CT or MRI scan Lumbar puncture-spinal pat Treatment: When a ictus occurs, protect the individual from hurt, make the environment safe for you and the patient. Protect the patient ‘s caput Loosen tight vesture Put the patient into a side-lying place if vomiting occurs Stay with patient until she or he is to the full recovered Monitor the patient ‘s critical marks Medicines such as antiepileptics may be given as ordered to cut down the figure of future ictuss. The DO N'T ‘s During Seizures: Do n't keep the patient Do n't put anything between the patient ‘s dentition during a ictus Do n't travel the patient unless he or she is in danger or near something risky Do n't seek to halt the patient from convulsing.Partial Seizures:This are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in one portion of the encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes unnatural musculus motions, automatisms, unnatural esthesiss, hallucinations, sickness, perspiration, dilated students, rapid bosom rate and pulsation rate, alterations in vision.Types of SeizureClinical ManifestationSimple( consciousness is integral ) Jerky motions Muscle rigidness, cramp Unusual esthesis Memory and emotional perturbationComplex( consciousness is impaired ) Automatisms: lip slap, masticating, walking and insistent involuntary and coordinated motions Diagnosis: CT scan Magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalogram EEG-video recordings Treatment: Vagus Nerve Stimulation in which a little battery is implanted in the chest wall which will plan to present short explosions of energy to the encephalon. Corpus Callosotomy is a type of surgical intercession that will cut the connexions between the two sides of the encephalon that will forestall bead attacks.. Multiple sub-pial transection which is a surgical technique that will cut a certain connexion between nervus cells.

My Philosophy of Teaching - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

My Philosophy of Teaching - - Essay Example In fact, I liked to interact with people from different cultures so much that I learnt how to speak different languages. This proved to be beneficial in my career and also was fun as I learnt how to sing in different languages! This natural desire to be able to communicate with different people also helped me, unknowingly, in developing good vocal techniques, performance skills and ability to talk to the audiences, no matter what the number. It helped me to gain all the qualities that an all round public speaker has. And now, as I am in a profession of teaching, I find great delight in teaching and nurturing my students to gain the same skills of communication that I have. Talking to an audience is not an easy job. Apart from the physical aspects like strong vocal chords, tone of voice and consistent energy level in voice and body, it also requires courage. So speaking in front of people needs constant practice and honing of public speaking skills and also constant care of vocal chords. Conversation and dialogue are such things that should not be used by the informal educators for educational purposes only but also should be used to cultivate a healthy and productive social life. Communication and dialogue should be used as the means to enter a positive relationship rather than just using them as ‘methods’ for interactions. According to Freire (1972: 61), dialogue needs equality of the participants. Dialogue is impossible between people who are denied the rights of society and people who deny the rights to others. Dialogue is means through which one improves communication and creates change

International security in the 21st century Essay

International security in the 21st century - Essay Example Still there are some key objectives which determine the foreign policy of Beijing. Among them we can see the aim to promote Chinese economy to maintain its double annual growth; an effort to separate Taiwan; the wish to increase the international prestige of China and efficiently compete with the supremacy of the USA. To achieve these objectives in recent years China has concluded a number of bilateral partnerships and agreements, joined or increased its activity in numerous international organizations and established a few organizations, which are not participated by the USA. In some points China’s approach in policy has several advantages compared with that of the USA. Beijing provides â€Å"unrestricted† nature for overseas investments and loans, which is very attractive for foreign governments. Large state-owned Chinese companies are so strongly supported by their government that they can even afford small short-term losses in favor of prospective long-term profits (Boxell, 2004). However, there are weak points in China’s approach in comparison with the USA. Due to China’s â€Å"win-win† method dealing first with easy problems and putting off the more complicated ones, its foreign development policy has a much narrower base. China actively gets and develops the international presence, while this brings a lot of unexpected issues, for example, â€Å"it provides many opportunities for international misunderstanding and cultural conflicts† (Ellis, 2004). And lastly, in contrast to the USA, China does not benefit from well-developed private sector. However, it is clear that China’s growing international cooperation not only with undemocratic governments but also with key U.S. allies gives reasons to focus the attention on its foreign policy objectives. The convincing argument for this is the fact that since its foundation in 1949 the PRC has greatly changed its foreign policy having shifted from the Mao Zedongâ⠂¬â„¢s policy of â€Å"self-reliance† to deep and wide multinational relations. Already in 1978, two years after Mao’s death China actively started looking for foreign presence, investments and technologies. Since 2000 China’s diplomacy became particularly sophisticated and active (Ellis, 2004). China’s â€Å"New Security Concept† This report would not be complete without mentioning some important changes in security policy of China. China’s politicians stress that in post-Cold War world the PRC’s security policy is based on â€Å"mutual trust, mutual equality, and cooperation†. Accordingly, today China does its best to assure the world that its economy, international development and military potential do not threaten to other countries and serve to balance the power of the USA (Goldstein, 2005). It is difficult to define the PRC’s security policy precisely; it neither spreads its ideology, nor aggressively demands for n ew territories. However, it is undoubtedly that it represents a challenge to policymakers of the USA and raises many unanswered questions: does China’s global activity have a pragmatic strategy or it is just aimed to achieve economic advantages? Does China intend to replace the USA as a global power or it just focuses on internal development? Does China feel confident and strong or uncertain and weak? The â€Å"Soft Power† Concept First the term of â€Å"soft power† was used by Harvard professor Joseph S. Nye, Jr. as opposite to â€Å"

Explain the reasons why left realism emerged Essay - 1

Explain the reasons why left realism emerged - Essay Example eft realism emerged as a reaction to ‘law and order’ politics and to the perceived vacuum in radical left thinking on crime and crime control (Carrabine 79). Ideally, Left realism emanates from a situation that demonstrates the need to focus the social problems in the society. However, many scholars have been questioning the capacity of this theory to address societal problems (HistoryLearningSite 1). In its emergence, the theory of Left realism sought to address the reality of crime for the working class victim and the need to elaborate a socialist alternative to conservative emphases on law and order (Carrabine 79-80). In the mid-1980s, there was a common perception that the efficiency and effectiveness of the police, and criminal justice agencies were performance indicators of maximum crime arrests (Lea 141). However, the Left realism sought to correct this perception by noting that the flow of information about crime from victims and communities to the police, which was a matter of trust, was the key factor that would address crime in the society (Lea 142). This theory achieved this by noting that crime is intra-class and is rampant on poor communities (Lea 142). Indeed, the Left realism aimed at the practical experience of victimization in the poor and working class communities (Lea 142). Notably, the Left realism sought to criticize the views of right-realism that advocated for longer sentences and additional prisons (HistoryLearningSite 1) as the solution to rising crime rates (Lea 142). Indeed, the right-realism was actually not addressing crime in an effective manner and hence the Left realism sought to encourage socialists to address crime in a serious manner (Currie 114-117). During the emergence of the Left realism criminality among the working class was worsening as radical criminologists maintained the social constructionist view of crime and hence the need for the Left realism to curb the problem (Hale et al 86-87). As such, this theory sought

Documentary Reflection assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Documentary Reflection - Assignment Example Such information is a prerequisite for them to make informed decisions about fracturing. Most products have the capability of causing defects to the endocrine system thus affecting development and reproduction in human and wildlife. Others are known to affect the skin, eyes, sensory organs, respiratory system, and liver. In addition, they have adverse effect on the general environment, soil, water, and air. As such, it is important to have fracturing contractors reveal full information about their products to the public. Natural gas manufacturer too, are obliged to reveal the chemical contents and effects of their products. However, a major drawback associated with this is that, most of them rely on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDA) for product information. Seemingly, it has been discovered that many MSDSs provide unreliable fragmented information. This therefore hinders the public access to full information about products and related chemicals. As a fact, the Chevron company should have full disclosure of its product and chemicals associated with fracturing and natural gas manufacturing may not only enable people to know about their adverse effects on health alone but may also enable them to be conversant with the air and water quality they consume. This is very significant in developing air and water quality monitoring protocols. Those living near natural gas development industries stand to benefit the most from such information. Besides all these, such information could be very important for the public to make decisions about the regulation of the fracturing and drilling activities. Thus, based on deep analysis of the movie, it can be concluded that the general public deserves to be informed about the effects of gas products from industries, fracturing and drilling industries in order to enlighten and make them take necessary

Cash and accrual accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cash and accrual accounting - Essay Example Meanwhile, accrual basis is accounting techniques that transactions are recognized when item is delivered, and revenues are recorded when they are earned. Although, the two methods are both accounting method and used to record transactions, they are different in various ways and the paper will evaluate the difference of the two accounting methods used to recognize transactions. Cash vs. accrual accounting Accrual-basis financial statements give more practical information than cash-basis statements because the accrual-basis is a method that is recognized by the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). However, the cash basis statement is not useful as accrual basis because it is not recognized by the GAAP. Meanwhile, the accrual basis ensures firms have recorded transaction in the period that the event has occurred. For instance, to establish the net income it will require the company to recognize revenue when it was earned but not when it received the cash. Meanwhile, the com pany under the accrual basis will recognize the expenses at the period when they are incurred and not the period when they are paid. Conversely, the companies that use cash basis accounting can record revenues when they get cash, and record an expense when they pay out cash. Although, cash basis seems appealing because of its simplicity, it frequently generates false financial statements (Diamond, 2006). Meanwhile, cash basis fails to record revenue that the company has earned and instead opt to record revenue that it has received the cash. Meanwhile, the accrual basis matches expenses with earned revenues, but cash basis does not match the expenses with earned revenues. Cash basis is recommendable for the small firms because they do not prepare detailed receivables and payables, but accrual basis accounting is mostly utilized by large businesses. Conversely, companies that use the accrual method to make adjustment entries for accruals will record revenue earned in the recent accoun ting period (Diamond, 2006). Adjusting entries under an accrual method maintains two purposes that include showing the receivables. This exists in the balance sheet and involves recording the revenues earned during the period. Meanwhile, before the adjustment is done under the accrual method, assets and revenues are understated. Under the cash method, before the adjustment entries are performed for the prepaid expenses, assets are overstated, and expenses are understated. Moreover, many small businesses use the cash method for recognizing transaction because it offers flexibility in managing taxable income used in the running of the business. In contrast to cash basis methods, accrual methods will record transactions that are made, and most of the companies use the method (Biafore, 2010). The accrual method offers better matching between revenues and their related cost that assist firms understand the true causes and effects of various business activities. Consequently, revenues are recognized during the same period in which sales transactions occurred, and expenses are recognized in the same period as their linked revenues. However, the two accounting methods are used to recognize the transactions

Do nation states seek to maximize wealth or power Essay

Do nation states seek to maximize wealth or power - Essay Example Core states would fight to control the international in an effort to stamp their wealth dominance over givens states. In an event a political based conflict arises, the states would deploy methods that will ensure their political and power dominance over other states. The essay will focus on power and wealth enjoyed by states and will determine the magnitude of each in enhancing dominancy. Humans are unique thus set their goals based on their needs at a specific period. The nature in which they satisfy their needs may vary. Those satisfied by their needs will tend to seek surplus dominance over the others. The concept applies to states in that core states seek more control of the world thus deploy various means to ensure they attain their goals. The satisfaction of citizen is measure by the economic growth and other government indicators. Peripheral and semi peripheral state tend to focus more in attain the basic needs, as there exist a gap between the wealth and the poor. Closing the gap would mean more resources are channelled towards social issues. The struggle to attain a specific economic status prompt these countries to depend on aid from the core states to enable them substantiate their limited resources (Dunne & Schmidt , 2008) Economic strength enables a country to dominate the world in matters decision making. Countries would stamp their authority after they dominate the world trade. Krasner (2000) attributes the concept of dominance to hegemony effect where a state proves its economic prowess over a group of other states. Countries try to dominate the market by creating supply to meet the global demand. The amount of activities by a given country will determine its economic supremacy. Core countries pull out resources in effort of ensuring their supremacy in the global economy. Trade is a determinant when evaluating the global economy. Country will tend to focus on increasing their

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Essay

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The focus groups participated in a price simulation exercise followed by interviews. The price simulation exercise exposed the participants to price changes to their preferred vehicle and observed how they responded to those changes. The follow-up interviews were calculated to determine why the participants responded as they did to the price changes in the price simulation exercise. Research findings indicate that most customers will at the very least consider an alternative brand when confronted with a price change. However, the more affluent and loyal customers will not change brands when price changes are insignificant and are reasonable. These results are analyzed by reference to a conceptual framework drawn from the work of Villargeo-Ramos and Sanchez (2005) and Yoo, Donthu, and Lee (2000) who established a link between marketing communications and brand equity including brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty and perceived brand quality. The results of this study conf irm that price changes as a marketing communication strategy is received and interpreted in the context of the different dimensions of brand equity. This is a qualitative case study that investigates the responses of consumers in Saudi Arabia when experiencing sudden price adjustments to the leading models in automobile categories of small sedans, medium sedans, and small SUVs in Saudi Arabia. In particular this qualitative case study seeks to determine from the perspective of Saudi Arabian consumers the extent that price influences their purchasing behavior; the impact of price changes on the brand equity of Toyota in the context of brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, and perceived quality; and whether or not effective price management would improve or maintain Toyota’s competitive edge in Saudi Arabia’s market. This chapter will explain the research methodology used for achieving the goals of this research study and the justifications for the methodology

Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing - Essay Example However, it is common sight for the law keepers to have a red light burn the moment they find unaccounted money getting passed down somewhere. Money laundering in today's world happens mostly through the banks. Banks were expected to tighten their money movement specifications. But with the wide open internet all around it becomes tougher for the banks to manage and monitor what is the nature of movement and who is sending what to whom. The following section identifies the various methods adopted by the banks to ensure fair movement of money. Three points were the money laundering and terrorism related monetary transactions can be identified and monitored are: 1) entry of cash into the financial system 2) transfers to and from financial system and 3) cross border flows of cash. The following processes are adopted by the banks in order to monitor these three and control them: 1. 'Know your customer' rule. This was brought in during the heights of terrorist bombings on the aircrafts that every customer should be known and identified by the financial institutions. This would ensure that the customers are monitored and they are known if there is an uncanny behavior in any it is identified and monitored for further action1. This is for the existing customers. 2. 2. Movement of any transaction over PDS 10000/- in UK and an equivalent in other countries are monitored and suspicious cases are reported to the legal authorities for further action. This is a statutory requirement in most countries and stipulated in UN charter for fighting drug and crime2. 3. For the new customers, a proper identification should be established before any transaction with the intended person is made by a financial institution3. This should be an official identification document like a passport, birth certificate or such other means of identification. If the person is acting on behalf of a company or another person, then the identity of this person on whose behalf the transaction is being done is to be clearly established and identified to the maximum extent possible by the financial institution. 4. All financial institutions and cash dealers should establish a clear internal and hierarchical reporting structure of such occurrences in their office or during the course of their business. This should be implemented and followed up on a daily basis. 5. Under no circumstances should a financial company or a cash dealer shall allow opening and operating of an account in a false name. Even if no offence was committed by the account operator, the financial institution has committed an offence according to the law. 6. Countries are coming in heavily on cash movement either for import or for export or for any other purpose. Countries have made it clear that cash handling beyond a specific value is not accepted and can be seized at any port or place. It is essential that all the financial institutions abide by these laws. Now UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) has issued a comprehensive legal framework for the member countries to follow to counter crimes including terrorism. 3. Lacuna in Controls Whatever be the methods that are adopted by the banks to identify such variations in the transactions, it is always found that people committing the

Online Therapy Paper Essay Example for Free

Online Therapy Paper Essay This paper is related to an online therapy. This paper consists of the elements and contents of the information that is found on any online therapy website along with the information of the professionals that are involved in that therapy. The paper also outlines the way in which most of the communication relating online therapy. The paper will also highlight the policies and regulations that provide fundamentals to run an online therapy. The paper also comprehends the state regulation authority to observe and scrutinize online therapy. The paper will also present the information relative to the ethical and security issues like confidentiality along with informed consent. The paper will end up with a small discussion regarding the benefits and risks of the online therapy. The first selected website of online therapy that retrieved was www.lzcybershrink.com where the services are advertised by Elizabeth Zelvin. Elizabeth Zelvin is acknowledged as a licensed clinical social worker along with a psychotherapist. All services are provided by the single person that is her. Ms. Zelvin as retrieved from her biography holds 20 years of experience and was involved in a private service in New York State. Ms. Zelvin handled communication relating online therapy through implication of a chat room setting. This chat room provides opportunity to clients to arrange a schedule of treatment and appointment with Ms. Zelvin before actual arrival through employing email. The professional involved provide a password for her patients and start conversation through signing in at same time through online setting. The cost is offered based on  ½ hour, hour and email exchange. The cost of a 30 minute chat is set at $65 while a 60 min chat is priced at $100 while a single email exchange costs $45. The service accepts most of the online payment systems and credit cards but the payment have to be done before the actual schedule of therapy. The website also shows advertisements regarding the books and songs she has written along with the poetry. The website is whole relating the promotion content of the Ms. Zelvin. (Zelvin, 2009) The other website that was retrieved as an online therapy website is www.live-counselor.com. This website provides services of online therapy employing a chat room for communication purposes. The website involves 200 different professionals that are therapists, counselors, along with some social workers available. The website consists of live counselors who provide a mediating service to make connections of the clients with the  required therapist, counselors and the social workers. The site provides support with addictions, coping with crisis or physical conditions, eating disorders, parenting, personal development, personality and emotional disorders, and relationship issues. The service provided is charged per minute. The rates range from $1to $1.89. Registration of credit card is done before starting of conversation. Live-counselor is just a moderator and has not required setting appointments yet the clients may sign-in anytime their service provider is available. The profile of professionals shows a mark on them while they are online. The site does not have any other content besides service providers biographies, disclaimers in regard to not taking responsibility f or anything that occurs on the website, and the billing process. (Live-Counselor, 2009) The third website relating an online therapy was retrieved from www.serenityonlinetherapy.com. The website provides the information regarding the therapy via email or a chat-room set-up. The website centralizes on a single service provider that is Carl Benedict, a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in the State of Maryland†. He got the experience of 12 years as therapist and provides services in mental health clinic along with a hospital. Mr. Benedict counts for a three years experience in online therapy. The price of chat is charged as $50 for 60 minute chat along with a discount offered as a package for the clients of online therapy. Many categories of articles are uploaded by Mr. Benedict regarding various issues clients might be experiencing like as, depression, childhood trauma, addiction, parenting, grief and loss, and duel diagnosis. The website also shows some inspirational poems along with some sayings to motivate the clients by Mr. Benedict. (Benedict, 2009) All states in the US, except California, license professional counselors. The state counsel or licensure boards administer the application processes and procedures that have been established by law in each state. The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) website lists the contact information for each states, except California, Board of Mental Health Practice. The website empowers and enables clients the ability to check the credentials of professionals who are offering online therapy and make an informed decision of whether or not to hire that particular professional. (NBCC, 2009) For the reason of advancement in technology and science there do arise some ethical and security issues. It is depicted that online therapy give rise to issues  like; security, which concerned that either online therapy is safe and effective, either there is chance that clients provide true information relative to the consent, along with the confirmation of clients and professionals as real who are involved in communication process while in chat rooms. All three websites retrieved for this paper provide disclaimers on them to make clients and professionals on safe side while online therapy like If you hav e serious thoughts of hurting yourself or others, dial 911 or if you have a chronic mental illness requiring intense treatment online therapy is not an option for you(Benedict, 2009). The three websites visited all use chat room settings for communication purposes. A password is provided to the client who registers himself by making payments through credit card. That specific password is then used by the client whenever he wants to sign in not only in chat room but also for the therapy session. The client has no way of knowing what type of security software or measures the online therapist is using to protect their personal information. Nothing guarantees that the client is who he or she claims; in a traditional setting the client and the therapist know who is present. Online therapy present some barriers regarding the options of making payment and the client is also going through a risk to pay for an online therapy session. All three websites involve a credit card payment which provides risks to clients in terms of leaking of their credit card and personal information because of providing information online. On other hand in physical setting the credit card is only swiped or the payments can be done through cash and cheques. The client holds every control regarding his personal information while in a physical office or clinical setting along with having every possible payment option for making payments. Some of the ethical issues also arise because of the technology advancements, like as is it ethical to provide online therapy when there no guarantees that the client and therapist say he or she is. In an office setting at least the client and the therapist can use ids to ensure identity. Online therapy does not require medical records; how is the therapist supposes to know the physical and mental health of a client? The therapist has to rely on self-disclosure which is taking a big risk on the therapists behalf. How can a therapist tell if the client is fully participating in therapy? In a traditional setting the therapist can rely on body language which is how most human communication is made. This part of  report presents some risks that are involved while involving oneself in online therapy. A traditional therapy session allows for a therapist to get a full picture of the clients well-being by having access to medical records and being able to read a clients body language. Another uncomfortable element with online therapy is because clients likes to know who is helping him, what he or she looks like for security reasons, and the inability to read body language is upsetting. Some benefits that are derived from online therapy in terms of clients are discussed in this part. An example of advantage is anonymity; this helps those clients who face some social difficulties in a traditional therapy setting and hence can find it advantageous to be in their comfort zone while at their own home. Clients having difficulties to approach a regular and dependable transportation can be benefited by the online therapy. This technology also facilitated those clients who lack the presence of any local therapist and thus can get the opportunity to find someone online for that help and assis tance. Online therapy is an alternative for clients and is the clients choice to decide what works best for him or her. After going through an in-depth study of the online therapy it is recommended that the client has to measure the both sides of the online therapy before deciding for himself what to implement. Individual needs vary from person to person so we cannot say what work best for whom. It is also depicted that the technology on one side is exciting as well as controversial at the same time. References Benedict, C. (2009). â€Å"Services†. Retrieved from: http://www.serenityonlinetherapy.com Live-Counselor. (2009). â€Å"Services†. Retrieved from: http://www.live-counselor.com The National Board for Certified Counselors(NBCC) . (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.nbcc.org. Zelvin, E. (2009). â€Å"Elizabeth Zelvin†. Retrieved from: http://www.lzcybershrink.com.

Film and Literature Essay Example for Free

Film and Literature Essay Literature and film feed at the same breast, considering the affinities between them. Since its very beginning, Hollywood has used works of fiction as source material for films. One of the most discussed adaptations is Francis Ford Coppola’s Film Apocalypse Now (1979) based on Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness (1902). This paper compares and contrasts these works of art, arguing that while there are obvious differences, the film generally general remains true to the core meaning of the novel. One can say that Coppola’s film is a thematic and structural analogue to Conrads novel. Differences On the surface it seems that Apocalypse Now deviates largely Heart of Darkness. The differences can be seen in settings, events, characters, and other snippets of information such as quoted lines and strange actions of the major characters. The settings of the two stories are different and written in different periods of time. The setting of Conrads late nineteenth century novel is the Belgian Congo in the 1890s. By contrast, Coppolas 1979 film takes place in Southeast Asia in the 1960s during the Vietnam War. In addition, the novel centers on Charles Marlow, a British sailor employed by a European trading company as captain of one of their steamboats, whereas the film focuses on an American army officer, Benjamin Willard. Another major difference is that the ivory traders are in the Congo of their own greed and free will, whereas the American soldiers are drafted into Vietnam and engage in the war against their will. At the first glance, there seem to be character differences in the novel and film – Copollas Willard is nothing like Conrads Marlow. In the novel, Marlow is very eager to meet Kurtz and perhaps gain knowledge about the secrets of the ivory trade in the former Zaire. On the other hand, Willard seems to have a death wish. Copolla portrays Willard as a depressed human, having a soldiers killer instinct, throughout the entire film. The effectiveness of point of view also differentiates the novel and the film. While it is true that Willard remains on the screen more than anyone else in Apocalypse Now, and his comments are often heard on the films sound track, viewers still do not see others completely from his perspective as readers do in Heart of Darkness. Hence, the film is robbed of some of the emotional intensity that one feels when one reads the novel. This is simply because the narrator in the novel communicates his subjective reaction to the episodes from the past. In the film, the audience does not grasp the extent to which the narrator is profoundly affected by Kurtzs tragedy. Many of Marlows sage reflections about Kurtzs life and death are absent in the film. Moreover, while Coppola successfully creates a staggering experience of the wars madness, he seems to confuse the moral issues. This is perhaps because of his view of personalizing the novel. The director identifies so strongly with Kurtz that he modifies the issue of power and disturbs the delicate balance between Conrads story and the subject of Vietnam. Apocalypse Now succeeds in making its viewers experience the horror of the war and to realize their own complicity in it, but it fails to highlight the nature of Kurtzs horror illuminated in Heart of Darkness. Coppolas failure to combine Conrads story and the Vietnam War in this respect points largely to The films adaptation of Kurtz. In the novel, Kurtz is corrupted by his isolation in the wilderness, resulting in an obsession with power and unfolding frightening truths about himself: I think it had whispered to him things about himself which he did not know, things of which he had no conception till he took counsel with his great solitude-and the whisper had proved irresistibly fascinating. It echoed loudly within him because he was hollow at the core. (133) in the film, Coppola tries to resonate Kurtz’s â€Å"hollowness† by having the character recite The Hollow Men by T. S. Eliot. But this can be seen as more of an emblematic solution that does not somewhat applies in the Vietnam War context. Parallels While the settings, backgrounds, characters, and approaches of the novel and film are somehow different, the narration, structure, and that theme are similar. The following paragraphs summarize some of the essential parallels between Conrads Heart of Darkness and Coppola’s Apocalypse Now. In the novel, Marlow introduces his narrative with a passage about â€Å"devotion to efficiency†, the idea behind how the ivory trade makes profit, justifying cruel exploitation (Kinder 16). This statement is also applicable to the Vietnam War context as they are both in the stages of Western imperialism: The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea: and an unselfish belief in the idea-something you can set up and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to. (70) Coppola does not retain this speech in the film, but it becomes the groundwork for the dramatic events that unite Kurtz and Williard: the former’s recounting of the inoculation story and the latters murder of a wounded Vietnamese woman. The two are driven into a situation in which â€Å"military efficiency is totally undermined, yet they have been trained to worship it and to internalize it as the source of their own personal pride† (Kinder 16). In the novel, although Kurtz embodies all of Europe, he can be viewed as a â€Å"universal genius† who shows what lies ahead for those who take the challenge to look into the abyss. Despite the shortcomings in the handling of Kurtz, Copollas conception of film remains a masterful work that complements the power of Conrads vision. The novel and the film embody the theme of insanity and madness and insanity caused by the evil of imperialism. Madness in the novel is the result of being removed from ones normal environment and how people cope with their new environment. The same theme is explored in the film. Many soldiers who are drafted into Vietnam are barely 18 or 19-year-olds. Their mental stability is shaken when they are thrown into a harsh environment, where their lives hang on by the minute. Soldiers such as Lance and Chef are ready to snap at any moment due to the shock and realization of what kind of situation they are in or what is the purpose of fighting fellow men. They also fear the fact that they do not know where they are headed. Copolla and Conrad literally and metaphorically confront the madness and insanity brought about by Western imperialism and colonialism. Through Kurtz and the American soldiers, Copolla is able to portray what war is like for them, and why so many of them suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. The film suggests that wars are an imperialist tool that drives the weak into their destruction. On the other hand, Conrad exposes how the imperialist agenda leads to the exploitation of foreign lands and its people, leaving the imperialist agents themselves deranged and empty (Papke 583). Both the novel and the film also give rise to a race discussion. Conrad and Coppola portray White men as the dominant. They not only rule over their respective crews; they also dominate the local peoples. Marlow and Willard look at the native people as if are the savage culture and White men are the civilized one. But it is interesting to note that each of the two main characters see a little of himself in Kurtz, a degenerated savage White man. Coppola’s take on Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has gained much attention from film scholars. In â€Å"The Power of Adaptation in Apocalypse Now†, Marsha Kinder states that â€Å"Coppola rarely hesitates to change Conrads story-setting, events, characters-whenever the revision is required by the Vietnam context. † (14) Moreover, the dialogues in the film, especially Willards voice-over narration, have been attacked by several film critics for sounding more like a parody of author Raymond Chandler than an adaptation of Conrads novel. But a deeper look suggests that Willards character and tone are not intended to be Marlows. To suit the Vietnam context, Willard has been totally transformed into a trained assassin, whose life has been drained of all meaning. Coppola retains Conrads focal image of the river. In the film, just as in the novel, each of the main characters embarks on a literal and metaphoric central journey. Marlows description of the Congo is an enormous snake uncoiled that fascinates him as a snake would a bird. The films structure is controlled by the image of the river â€Å"that snaked through the war like a main circuit cable,† carrying Willard to Cambodia. The novel and the film begin with the protagonists explanation of how they got the appointment which necessitated their excursion upriver. Marlow is dispatched to steam up the Congo in to find Mr. Kurtz, while Willard is mandated to journey up the Mekong River in a navy patrol boat to find Col. Kurtz. Moreover, while they travel up a primeval river to fulfill their respective assignments, they speculate about the character of the man they are seeking, with the help of the information they have pieced together about him. In both novel and film, the river eventually leads Marlow and Willard to Kurtz and his dying words of horror (Kinder 15). This final destination for both men is their soul-altering confrontation with Kurtz. Overall, it is an expedition of discovery into the dark heart of man. It is also a close encounter with mans capacity for evil. Coppola agrees with this observation and stated that he also saw Willards voyage upriver as a representation for the journey of life that people take within themselves and during which they decide which side to take: good or evil. The horror of the world dominated by hollow men is at the center of both Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. Kurtz, in his god-like acousmatic voice and morally terrifying manifestation, is invested with much greatness: He fully understands existence in all its repugnance. Repelled and terrified Kurtz pushed himself to go into the very heart of darkness, to fully engage in the dualism (good and evil) of Being. To call Kurtz heroic or rapacious or good or evil, is to miss the point entirely. He is forever shaped by a dark satori, by an understanding of the omnipresent nature of darkness. Marlow and Willard are arguably Kurtzs spiritual sons, and they experience the same realization. Both of them look full face at the great condemnation, at the dark obscurity of Being. Each of them faces moral terror in the shape human conduct forced beyond decent limits; and each of them is profoundly transformed by this experience. In her book, Double Exposure: Fiction Into Film, Joy Could Boyum states that â€Å"in substituting Willard for Marlow, a madman for a sane one,† Coppola creates a character incapable of â€Å"any shock of recognition,† a man unable to â€Å"know evil when he sees it† (114). Boyum also argues that there is no discovery for Willard; he is a â€Å"murderer confronting a murder, a madman face to face with madness-it amounts only to a tautology. † Thus, Copollas Apocalypse Now can be argued as a movie that has no moral center. Unlike Willard, Marlow returns from the river experience with intact moral perspective and sanity, inviting the readers trust and identification. But one can also say that, like Apocalypse Now, Conrads Heart of Darkness, itself, is a novel that has no moral center. The book suggests that Marlows great realization is that existence itself has no moral heart. The character has not sustained the river journey with his intact moral perspective unchanged. Towards the end of the novel, Marlow is a transformed man, largely isolated and very different from those people aboard the Nellie. He is alienated forever in his wisdom. Willard, too, in the end, is vastly separated by his new knowledge. While many critics see Willard as immoral, insane, and unchanging, Kurtzs view of him is more fitting. In the film, Kurtz describes Willard when he sees him for the first time as â€Å"an errand boy sent by grocery clerks to collect a bill. † But in the end, Willard becomes wiser. He has been transformed, humbled by his face-to-face confrontation with the darkness natural in Kurtz, in himself, in existence. Therefore, the separate stories of Willards and Marlows river experiences follow a similar narrative pattern and arrive at a similar truth. Apocalypse Now is a thematic and structural analogue to Heart of Darkness. This is perhaps because, Copolla, in his authorial wisdom, fully understood that theme and technique, meaning, and structure are inseparable entities. To tell a story differently is to tell a different story. It seems that, ultimately, Copolla and Conrad tell the same story. Conclusion This paper looks at the differences and parallelisms between Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Coppola’s Apocalypse Now. In comparing and contrasting the novel and the film, this paper suggests that the film has some significant deviation from the novel. Despite this, however, Apocalypse Now generally remains true to the core of Heart of Darkness. Both the novel and the film follow the same story line but Conrad and Copolla have different ways of presenting this story. This results in surface differences. But a deeper and closer reading of both the novel and the film reveals that they complement each other. This is one of the most important things in adapting a work of literature into a film. Works Cited Boyum, Joy Gould. Double Exposure: Fiction Into film. New York: Universe Books, 1985. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: New American Library, 1950. Kinder, Marsha. â€Å"The Power of Adaptation in ‘Apocalypse Now’†. Film Quarterly 33. 2 (1979-1980): 12-20. Papke, David Ray. â€Å"Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness: A Literary Critique of Imperialism. † Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 31. 4 (2000): 583-592.

Outline of Movements in Art

Outline of Movements in Art Introduction Art has given generations complex lessons in exquisiteness, horror, and respect. Art has inspired some to delve further into their minds than they ever have. Art evokes many emotions; it terrifies and pleasures, calms and arouses, and can serve to bring light on the inner mechanisms of politics and inspirations. Art is, was, and will always be an outlet that provides insight into the mind and soul. Renaissance (1300 1600 C.E.) The Renaissance period was considered a growing concern with the natural world, the individual, and humanitys worldly existence (Kleiner, 2014, p. 406). The translation of Renaissance means rebirth, so this era was described as a rebirth of the fascination in the classical periods of Greece and Rome, symbolized by medieval disquiet of the previous era. The Renaissance period encompassed the belief of humanism, or a code of civil conduct, a theory of education, and a scholarly discipline [rather] than a philosophical system (Kleiner, 2014, p. 407). Commercialization also began in the Renaissance, as feudalistic period ended and expansion started to begin. The importance of religion also began to decline due to the world changing views. The more people learned and endured, the less they relied on religion to comprehend their world. This era was characterized by a more true-to-life approach on the subject matter, techniques using perspective and foreshortening gave the illusion of being three dimensional. New oil paint blends were created, which let the artist use oil on canvas, which was considerably easier to work with than coloring on wet plaster. Individualism (showing singular people), secularism (less church-related), classicism (a revert back to the techniques of ancient Greece and Rome), nature (outdoor and rustic scenes), anatomy (defined and specific human forms), linear perspective (how things seemed to the onlooker with relation to the other), realism (visual precision of the piece), depth (light and shading used to give the illusion of three dimensional art), blue backgrounds (helped create depth), and symmetry (balancing proportions) were all obvious during the Renaissance period. Artwork iconic to the Renaissance Tiziano Vecellio (1488-1576). Boy with a Bird [Oil on Canvas; 34.9 cm x 48.9 cm]. Not on Display Raphael (Raffaello Santi) (1483-1520). An Allegory (Vision of a Knight) [oil on poplar; 17.1 cm x 17.3 cm]. The National Gallery Baroque (1600 1750 C.E) The Baroque era developed as a direct revolt against the rigidity of classicism. The Baroque era was emboldened by the Catholic Church in order to link themes to religious righteousness and to appeal to newly changing societies. This era gave the Church optimism it could stay immersed within its residents. The wealthy viewed the Baroque style as a means of amazing visitors, as well as a means to express their personal power, wealth and achievements. Baroque art is characterized by its richness, extravagant subjects and the attention to detail that showed emotionalism. Exuberance and opulence were commonly connected to the Baroque style, with a focused intention to appeal to all the senses. The chiaroscuro technique is also a significant style of the Baroque period, this method relates to the interaction between light and shadow to create very intense and differed atmospheres. In architecture, spiral columns, towering domes, and massiveness and monumentality were hallmarks of the Baroque period. Artwork iconic to the Baroque period Meindert Hobbema. (1662). The Watermill with the Great Red Roof [oil on canvas; 81.3 cm x 110 cm]. Art Institute Chicago. Adriaen van der Spelt (1658). Tromp-lOeil Still Life with a Flower Garland and a Curtain [oil on panel; 46.5 cm x 63.9 cm]. Art Institute Chicago Romanticism (1750 1870 C.E.) Like its name, the era of Romanticism leaned more toward the whimsical, the discovery of the emotional side of the human psyche, a direct revolt against the rigid nature of the Renaissance or the ostentatious Baroque periods. Romanticism also evolved as a reaction to the Industrial revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, in which science began to justify and classify nature. To be free of conventional life lead to more emphasis on the individual. The retreat from the here and now lead to a bigger interest in landscapes, the emotional expression and imagination, and the splendor that could be found in past. This period was the inlet for artwork that expressed human emotion; wonder, shock, and horror. According to Isaiah Berlin (1999), this era represented a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness a search after means of expressing and unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals (p. 92). Usually characterized by bright and vibrant colors, or paler and darker colors that are that are blended to make the image softer to draw focus to nature, instead of man-made objects. Mistiness is also used, to give a more dream-like feel to the piece, through the use of more pensive brushstrokes. Moods, heroes, brilliance, obscurity, passion, the exotic, and even the satanic were all part of the Romantic era. Artwork iconic to the Romantic era Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault (1819). La Radeau de la Medusa [oil on canvas; 491.5 cm x 716.5 cm]. Musà ©e du Louvre, Paris. Thà ©odore Gericault (1818). Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct [oil on canvas; 250.2 cm x 219.7 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Impressionism (1870 1900 C.E.) Impressionism can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting, and was often done outdoors. It was a movement about painting to capture the momentary, sensory effect of a scene, and often portrayed things in nature that could not have been painted in a traditional setting. The goal of Impressionism was to create original works of art that was based on the subject matter and the natural setting. Impressionism is characterized by loosened brushstrokes that use pure, intense color that gave the piece an unfinished appearance, which was seen as almost amateurish the prominence of changing light conditions, and basic subject matter. Rather than neutral white, grays, and blacks, Impressionists often rendered shadows and highlights in color. The artists loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness (Samu, 2004). Artwork iconic to Impressionism Claude Monet (1891) Haystacks (Effects if snow and sun) [Oil on canvas; 65.4 x 92.1 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claude Monet. (1891). The Four Trees [oil on canvas; 91.9 cm x 81.6 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Modernism (1900 1945 C.E.) Modernism was the complete rejection of the Victorian Era, giving in to a search for new ways to express oneself. Encouraged by the progressively realistic influence of industrialization and urbanization, including the influence of World War I and its results, Modernism strived to reach reclamation and renewal after the destruction that shattered lives and broke nations. Modernism is characterized by vivid colors and intangible concepts, repeatedly creating artwork with a broken or slanted appearance. Similar to Impressionism, Modernist artists used what they saw to paint the spirit of the subject, often with very loose foundation in reality. Sometimes the art consisted of color splashed onto a canvas. Artwork iconic to Modernism JoAnn Verburg (1991). Still Life with Serial Killers [Chromogenic color print; 49.7 cm x 70.4 cm]. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Richard Lindner (1966). Checkmate [Cut-and-pasted papers, watercolor, pencil, crayon, and ink on paper; 60.6 cm x 45. cm]. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco. Conclusion Art is life, the expression of the intimate, the soul given life. Art is a living, breathing, progressing work, frequently seeking new possibilities of being born. From the Renaissance to the current day, art has changed with times, given voice to the voiceless, and hope to those who lost hope. References Berlin, I. (1999). The roots of romanticism. London: Chatto and Windus. Kleiner, F. S. (2014). Gardners art through the ages: The western perspective (14th ed., Vol. II). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Samu, M. (2004). Impressionism: Art and modernity. The Metropolitan Museum, New York. Retrieved July 3, 2016 from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm.

Essay example --

Konsep pembelajaran sepanjang hayat (PSH) ataupun lifelong learning bukanlh merupakan satu perkara yang asing lagi dalam sistem pendidikan negara ekoran daripada perubahan persekitaran baru di mana sekotor ekonomi pada sekarang berasaskan pengetahuan atau K-ekonomi menjadi keutamaan. Justeru itu, institut pendidikan guru hendaklah menerapkan nilai pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan kemahiran untuk berfikir pada aras tinggi (KBAT). Budaya ilmu ini sangat penting, oleh itu, pengamalan budaya membaca dalam kalangan guru pelatih telah lama dipraktikkan oleh warga IPG malah ia sudah menjadi sebahagian intipati budaya oleh IPG. Di samping itu pelajar-pelajar di IPG bukan sahaja diterapkan dengan nilai pembelajaran sepanjang hayat sahaja, malah guru-guru pelatih di IPG juga telah dilatih untuk meningkatkan teknik pengajaran dalam bilik darjah. Keberkesanan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bilik darjah juga akan memberikan impak maksima kepada pelajar keraana persekitaran pembelajara n yang kondusif akan memudahkan para pelajar untuk lebih cekap dalam menimba ilmu. Oleh itu, bakal guru yang menuntut di IPG juga diajar dengan pelbagai jenis dan kemahiran mengajar untuk menarik minat pelajar semasa proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran di dalam kelas. Contohnya, penggunaan alat bantu pengajaran telah memudahkan lagi kerja guru dalam menyampaikan pengajarannya dan kaedah melakukan kerja dalam kumpulan juga telah mewujudkan suasana yang seronok untuk belajar dalam kalangan pelajar. Dengan ini guru bukan sahaja melahirkan insan yang berilmu tinggi malah mengamalkan budaya pembelajaran sepanjang hayat agar modal insan yang dihasilkan kelak akan dapat memacu kegemilangan negara sehingga ke peringkat global. Hal ini adalah sangat wajar kerana... ...dunia juga bermaksud kemampuan dan pencapaian cemerlang Malaysia dalam membangunkan sektor pendidikan negara agar kita dapat mempellopori perubahan dan kemajuan dinamis iaitu pembangunan tenaga manusia, kecemerlangan budaya fikir dan pembangunan teknologi dan sains. Jika system pendidikan disusun dengan dirangka dengan telus dan terbaik, maka negara kita akan dapat mengurangkan lagi kadar buta huruf yang berlaku kepada pelajar terutamanya kepada mereka yang bersekolah di kawasan luar bandar. Pendidikan bertaraf dunia juga merupakan satu komitmen dan usaha Kementerian Pendidikan bagi memperbaik kualiti pendidikan negara agar ia dapat dilonjakkan kepada satu standard yang tinggi dan mampu menyaingi negara-negara maju yang lain, pendidikan juga merupakan salah satu langkah penting untuk mengangkat martabat dan status Malaysia salam dunia pendidikan di peringkat global.

The Massia Cultural Breakdown Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Maasai Cultural Breakdown Paper â€Å"Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people† Proverbs 14:34. This is a quote from a web site (http://www.peopleteams.org/maasai/culture.htm), that defines parallels to the culture of the Maasai. The Maasai Culture is from Southern Kenya. The culture is very family based, with many families being quite large. The Maasai own a total land area of 160,000 kilometers ( http://maasai-infoline.org/TheMaasaipeople.html ). Some of the physical characteristics include, but are not limited to, tall height, long pierced earlobes, and thin bodies. The Maasai have a saying for how they believe â€Å"it takes one day to destroy a house but to build a new one will take months, perhaps years. If we destroy our way of life to construct a new one, it will take thousands of years† (http://maasai-infoline.org/Maasaiceremonies.html). The Maasai culture has been around since the latter part of the first millennium (http://www.environmentalaction.net/kenya/kenya_policy_failure.html). They generally stay in the same area, unless they need to hunt the lion. Only when they are forced out by Westeners or animals will they abondon their homeplace. WORLD VIEW When looking at the World View it is important to remember it is timeless and must represent a fundamental set of assumptions, thoughts and options; how they see the Universe. The World View categories are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supreme being: Above all, beyond all, Culture. One and only one. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super natural forces: exist on spiritual plan 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human beings: leader of the tribe 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature: storms, grass, moon, and stars 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animals: Lions, cattle, 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inanimate: nonliving objects, a special rock. Now we will look at how the Maasai rank and define these categories based on Richard Porter’s research of their World Veiw (Samovar, Porter 2000, p. 90-98). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature: 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supreme Being: 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human beings: 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animals: 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inanimate: 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super natural forces: NATURE: The Maasai tribe live in the out-of-doors, literally- so the climate is extremely important. D... ...is tribe for they have survived for over 100 years with only oral traditions, which demonstrate the strength and commitment to their culture. Bibliography Cheeseman, T (2002). Conservation and the Maasia in Kenya. Tradeoff or Lost Mutualism? Retrieved on April 20th, 2002, from the World Wide Web: (http://www.environmentalaction.net/kenya/kenya_policy_failure.html Hamisi, K (2002). Maasai Rituals and Ceremonies. Retrieved on April 22nd, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://maasai-infoline.org/Maasaiceremonies.html Hamisi, K (2002). The Practice of Lion Hunting. Retrieved on April 23rd, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://maasai-infoline.org/lion.html. Martin M (2002). Society-MASAI. Retrieved on April 24th, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7860 Samovar, L. R., Porter, (2000). Intercultural Communication A Reader, (9th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing Company Unknown Author, (2002). Maasai Culture. Retrieved on April 24th, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://www.peopleteams.org/maasai/culture.htm Youngman, J. (2002). The Maasai. Retrieved on April 25th, 2002, from the World Wide Web: (http://www.masai-mara.com/mmmaa.htm

Essay --

Overcome Dyslexia and Become a More Comprehensive Reader Reading comprehension is a skill that has to be learned by most of the population. This includes adults that have been reading for many years. There is a difference between reading and reading comprehension. Read is defined as, â€Å"to look at and understand the meaning of letters, words, or symbols† (Read, 2014). Comprehension is defined as, â€Å"the act or action of grasping with intellect† (Comprehension, 2014). Even as an adult, people may have difficulties with reading comprehension. There can be visual learning disorders such as dyslexia. There are many learning techniques and strategies that can negate or even overcome these visual learning disorders. This paper will discuss a few techniques and strategies that when used can improve reading comprehension such as vocabulary building, effective reading, and reading strategies. With these techniques the road block of dyslexia may no longer be an issue. Dyslexia Misconceptions of Dyslexia The largest misconception is that dyslexia changes the word to read backwards in the reader’s brain. While this is one possible effect, dyslexia covers a wide range in the visual learning disorders. While dyslexia is not limited to a specific gender, race, or age group; it does tend to affect males more than females. Males make up 75 – 80% of people diagnosed with dyslexia (Chivers, 2006, p. 20). Dyslexia has various symptoms that can help diagnose children, students, and even adults. Identifying Dyslexia There are various symptoms that help identify dyslexia; such as poor reading and spelling abilities, switching the directions of letters in words, and problems building short-term memory (Thomson, 2009). There are many other sym... ...ed by most, and how dyslexia can cause problems with reading comprehension. It also discussed ways that we can mitigate these problems for dyslexic people, but these skills can and should be used by all learners. Reading comprehension is a perishable skill, one that if you don’t work on increasing your reading ability by building your vocabulary, learn to read effectively, or using the correct reading strategies for the type of reading material being studied will diminish. Even with the largest vocabulary, if the words are not understood literacy cannot be achieved. Literacy is the key to comprehensive reading. It also gave some of the tools for reading and understanding different types of literature and how to get the important information out of each one. Edmund Burk said â€Å"To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting† (Gallagher, 2003, p. 11).

Americans with Disability Act of 1990

The American population of disabled workers previously had no protection of their employment or mandates pressed upon their employer to provide necessary work accommodations, to protect their livelihood, until the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The Americans with Disabilities Act is a civil rights law that prohibits employers to discriminate based on an employee’s disability. This paper will demonstrate the components of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as well as provide relevant United States Supreme Court cases set out between employee and employer where the law was challenged or upheld. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is an Act set out to â€Å"establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability† (Americans with disabilities, 1990). The Act was introduced to the Senate by Senator Tom Harkins on May 9, 1989. The Act was passed by the Senate on September 7, 1989 by a vote of 76-8 and passed by a unanimous voice vote before the House of Representatives on May 22, 1990. The Act was enacted by the 101st United States Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush on July 26, 1990 (Americans with disabilities, 1990). ADA Issue: Definition of Disability Under the American with Disabilities Act the term â€Å"disability† refers to a â€Å"physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity† (Americans with disabilities, 1990). The case between Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams was presented to the United States Supreme Court on November 7, 2001. The case primarily questioned how you determine whether an individual is substantially limited in the major life activity of performing manual tasks. Under the American’s with Disabilities Act of 1990, 104 Stat. 328, 42 U. S. C. 12101 et seq. (1994 ed. And Supp. V), a physical impairment that â€Å"substantially limits one or more†¦major life activities† is a â€Å"disability. † 42 U. S. C. 12102 (2) (A) (1994 ed. ). Respondent, Ella Williams, claimed to be disabled due to carpal tunnel syndrome and sued, petitioner, her former employer, Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. , for failing to provide accommodations as required under the American with Disabilities Act. Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams, (00-1089) 534 U. S. 184 (2002). ] Ella Williams began employment at Toyota Motor Manufacturing in Georgetown, Kentucky, in August of 1990. She was placed on the engine fabrication assembly line, where her duties included work with pneumatic tools. Utilizing these tools over time caused pain in respondent’s hands, wrists and arms. She was treated by her physician and found to have carpal tunnel syndrome and bilateral tendonitis. Her physician released her to return to work with restrictions that included no lifting more than 20 pounds, she could not lift or carry objects weighing more than 10 pounds, must not engage in constant repetitive motion of the wrists and elbows and no overhead work or performing tasks utilizing vibratory or pneumatic tools. Toyota Motor Manufacturing responded to Williams’ restrictions, for the next two years, by modifying her job responsibilities within the medical restriction guidelines. Despite this revision, Williams missed work for medical leave and she filed a claim under the Kentucky Worker’s Compensation Act. Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann 342. 0011 et seq (1997 and Supp. 2000). The parties settled this claim and Williams returned to work. Williams was still not satisfied with petitioner’s efforts to accommodate her work restrictions and she filed suit against Toyota in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky alleging that petitioner ha d violated the ADA by refusing to accommodate her disability. The suit was settled, and as part of the settlement, respondent was able to return to work in December of 1993. Upon Williams return, Toyota accommodated respondent by placing her in the Quality Control Inspection Operations Department. The team’s tasks included (1) â€Å"assembly paint†, (2) â€Å"Paint second inspection†; (3) â€Å"shell body audit†; and (4) â€Å"ED surface repair†. Williams was placed on a team that performed only two of these tasks and rotated between the two roles. In assembly paint, Williams would visually inspect painted cars moving slowly down the conveyor and then rotated every other week to the second piece of her role, which was to examine the cars by lifting the hoods and opening the doors. She was able to perform these duties as described. There was a change in workflows in the Department of Quality Control where all employees must rotate between the four tasks of the quality operations. Williams attempted to perform all four duties as required, but began having increased pain, sought medical treatment was diagnosed with myotendonitis bilateral periscapular, inflammation of the muscles and tendons of the shoulder blades and forearms and thoracic outlet syndrome. Williams requested to return to only performing the two components of her position. The parties disagree on what happens next, Williams’ states that Toyota refused her request. Toyota states that the employee began missing work excessively and they were forced to terminate her position for poor attendance. Williams again sued under the Americans with Disability Act of 1990. During the court proceedings and on deposition Williams stated that she was â€Å"disabled† as she was no longer able to perform activities of daily living that included (1) manual tasks; (2) housework; (3) gardening; (4) playing with her children; (5) lifting; and (6) working, all of which, she argued, constituted major life activities under the Act. [Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams, (00-1089) 534 U. S. 184 (2002). Under the ADA the claimant must show that the limitation on the major life activity is substantial 42 U. S. C. 12102 (2)(A). â€Å"Substantially limits† was defined as unable to perform a major life activity that the average person in the general population can perform†. In determining whether an individual is substantially limited i n a major life activity, the regulations instruct that the following factors should be considered: â€Å"the nature and severity of the impairment; the duration or expected duration of the impairment; and the permanent or long term impact, or the expected permanent or long-term impact of or resulting from impairment. 1630. 2(j)(2)(i)-(iii) (Americans with disabilities, 1990). The court concluded on January 8, 2002 that the respondent’s impairments substantially limited her in the â€Å"major life activities† of performing manual tasks and was found to be â€Å"disabled† as defined under the Americans with Disabilities Act, and therefore granted judgment to respondent on the basis that Toyota violated the Act by not accommodating her request as a disabled individual. [Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams, (00-1089) 534 U. S. 184 (2002). ADA Issue: Definition of Disability and Direct Threat The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, under Title II, prohibits disability discrimination by all public entities. Public entities must comply with the ADA regulations by the U. S. Department of Justice and includes granting access to all programs and services without disability discrimination. Under the ADA regulations there is also a â€Å"direct threat† provision which protects facilities where an individual may pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others (Americans with disabilities, 1990). The U. S. Supreme Court Case No. 97-156, Randon Bragdon, Petitioner v. Sidney Abbott, Respondent, poses the question whether asymptomatic HIV infection is a disability under the ADA, and when determining whether an individual with HIV poses a direct threat to a health care provider, should the courts defer to the providers professional judgment [Bragdon v. Abbott (97-156) 107 F. 3d 934, (1998). ] Abbott is infected with HIV, but it had not manifested into the serious stages at the time of the incident. Abbott presented to her dental office and disclosed her HIV infection. Rangdon Bragdon, her dentist, refused to treat her in his office setting and sited his policy on filling cavities on HIV patients. He was willing to treat her in the hospital for no extra charge, but she would be responsible for the hospital bill. She declined and filed suit under the American with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which prohibits discrimination against any individual†¦ â€Å"on the basis of disability in the †¦enjoyment of the†¦services†¦of any place of public accommodation by any person who†¦operates [such] a place,† 42 U. S. C. 2182 (a), but qualifies the prohibition by providing: â€Å"Nothing [herein] shall require an entity to permit an individual to participate in or benefit from the†¦ accommodations of such entity where such individual poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others,† 12182(b)(3) (Americans with Disabilities, 1990). The court ruled in favor of the respondent, Sidney Abbott, on June 25, 1998. E ven though the respondent’s HIV had not progressed to the point of being symptomatic, HIV is a â€Å"disability† under 12102 (2)(A), that is, â€Å"a physical†¦impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities. The life activity upon which respondent relies, her ability to reproduce and to bear children, constitutes a â€Å"major life activity† under the ADA. In affirming the summary judgment, the court did not cite sufficient material in the record to determine, as a matter of law, that respondent’s HIV infection posed no direct threat to the health and safety of others. The ADA’s direct threat provision, 12182 (b)(3), stems from School Bd. Of Nassau Cty v. Arline, 480 U. S. 273, 287. [Bragdon v. Abbott (97-156) 107 F. 3d 934, (1998). ADA Issue: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires an employer to provide reasonable accommodation to qualified individuals with disabilities who are employees or applicants for employment, unless to do so would cause undue hardship. An accommodation is typically any change in the work environment that allows an individual with a disability to enjoy equal employment opportunities (American with disabilities, 1990). The U. S. Supreme Court case U. S. Airways, Inc. v. Robert Barnett poses the question under â€Å"Reasonable Accommodation†, when an employee with a disability seeks reassignment as an accommodation under the ADA, does the employees right to reasonable accommodation trump another employee’s seniority rights when the employer has a seniority system. Robert Barnett, respondent, obtained a back injury when he was a cargo handler for petitioner, US Airways, Inc. Following the injury, he transferred to the mailroom, which was less physically demanding. The mailroom position later became open to a senior-based employee bidding under US Airways seniority system. US Airways gave the position to the most senior employee, refused Robert Barnett’s request to accommodate his disability, and Barnett lost his job. Robert Barnett sued US Airways, Inc. under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which prohibits an employer from discriminating against an employee with a â€Å"disability† who with â€Å"reasonable accommodations can perform the essential job functions, 42 U. S. C. 2112(a) and (b), unless the employer â€Å"can demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of [its] business†, 1211(b)(5)(A) (Americans with disability, 1990). US Airways presented that their seniority system had been in place for decades and governs over 14,000 US Airways agents and the policy would trump all other requests. They had been consistent with the usage of the seniority system and allowing any other rationale to alter the policy would cause undue hardship to both the company and the non-disabled employees. The court ruled on April 29, 2002 in favor of US Airways and stated that undermining seniority systems would cause a undue hardship on employers [US Airways v. Barnett, 535 US 394 (2002)]. ADA Issue: Scope of Title III Under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires an entity operating â€Å"public accommodations† to make â€Å"reasonable modifications† in its policies to accommodate when necessary disabled individuals, unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would alter the nature of their operations, 12182(b)(2)(A)(ii), (Americans with disabilities, 1990). The case, PGA Tour, Inc v. Casey Martin tests the American with Disabilities Act of 1990 and questions whether Title III of the ADA protects access to professional golf tournaments by qualified entrant with a disability; and whether a contestant with a disability may be denied the use of a golf cart because it would fundamentally alter the nature of the tournament to allow him to ride when all other contestants must walk. Casey Martin, respondent, suffers from a degenerative circulatory disorder that prevents him from walking long distances on the golf course. When Martin became a professional golfer he posed a request, which was supported by medical documentation, that while in tournaments he be accommodated by utilizing a golf cart. Petitioner, PGA Tour, Inc. refused and respondent filed suit under Title III of the ADA. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Martin in a 7-2 decision on May 29, 2001. The Supreme Court found that the PGA Tour should be viewed as a commercial enterprise operating in the entertainment industry and not as a private club. In addition, Martin should be provided a golf cart to utilize as a means of reasonable accommodations [PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 984 F. Supp. 1320 (2001). ] The Americans with Disability Act of 1990 has brought valuable protection and necessary accommodations to employees and applicants that otherwise may have been faced with discrimination, which was the principal goal of the legislation. The act has been instrumental in providing access to public programs and services that may have not been available to disabled Americans previous to the inception of the ADA. The ADA makes it possible for everyone to be treated as equals and prevents unethical discriminatory behaviors from being placed upon those individuals that suffer from disabilities.

Gulliver’s Travels: Don Pedro de Mendez

In the beginning, deem IV of Gul lastrs Travels detonates finish off as an almost comedic anarchist invention of a captain be held warrantor on his testify ship and being contributen off board on a strange unknown island, yet in reality ends up being a satiric comwork forcet on society with a deep philosophic meaning. The author, Jonathan active, cleverly intertwined more intelligent, complex and fire sh ares into the voyages of the antagonist Lemuel Gulliver. take up Pedro De Mendez, a character introduced by speedy in the 11th chapter, serves great use to the diagram as well as to the readers see to iting of Book IV of Gullivers Travels.Particularly as a bridge between dickens domain of a functions the spring (being the land of the Houyhnhnms) and the lawless (the yahoos or adult male around the world). seize Pedro De Mendez serves as a function of qualification the antagonist reflect. When the starting encounter is made with enter Pedro we chequer that he is an outstanding hick. He was a very courteous and liberal person coveted to know what I would eat or drink just now he ordered me a complainer and several(prenominal) excellent wine. (Swift 2456). The reader acknowledges from the start that he is a kind, generous, amiable and attractive man.Many manners wear Pedro vexs towards Gulliver tugs him to comwork forcece his questioning in think of whether humankind is really as horrific as the Houyhnhnms have portrayed. that I wondered to square off such civilities in a Yahoo (Swift 2456). father Pedro showed care for Gulliver not completely when he took him on board complimentary but when he saved him from spring off the boat to his death. He desired to know my cogitate for so awful an attempt assured me he al unitary meant to do me all the service he was able that at last I descended to treat him like an animal which had some little portion of reason (Swift 2456).At this mention Gulliver begins to realise th at, even though he is still repulsed by human front and smell, not any Yahoo is as appalling as he is lead to believe. At this point, it is quite obvious that fool Pedro is inserted into the plot for a definite reason and it starts to take effect on Gulliver. non further does he manage to confine Don Pedro and his sailors corporation but he begins to create off-key pretences but pretending I was sick, unbroken close in my cabin. (Swift 2458) while he says that only Yahoos lie the use of linguistic communication was to make us understand mavin another, and to receive information of facts now, if any one state the intimacy which was not, these ends were defeated, because I cannot properly be said to understand him and I am so far from receiving information, that he leaves me worse than in ignorance for I am led to believe a thing black, when it is white, and short, when it is pertinacious. (Swift 2428). For I had quite forgot the faculty of lying, so fractureicular to Y ahoos in all countries where they pre berth, and then the disposition of suspecting truth in others of their own species. (Swift 2456). More and more as the plot refines itself, Gulliver begins to regain old everyday humanoid habits. I only desired he would lend me two clean shirts, which having been swear out since he wore them, I believed would not so much defile me. These I changed every second day, and washed them myself. (Swift 2457). The captain persuaded me to experience a suit of clothes fresh made which I aired for cardinal hours before I would use them. (Swift 2457). Jonathan Swift also used the character of Don Pedro as a plot mover. He helps advance and continue the plot in many ways.Primarily, if his ship was not uneven at just the perfect sequence by Gulliver, Gulliver would have continued to the blue end of the peninsula and probably have been capture down by natives and murdered. The presence of Don Pedro saves Gullivers life twice that day, and in half an hour stole out, when I eyeshot the crew was at dinner party and getting to the side of the ship, was going to spring into the sea, and swim for my life, rather than continue among Yahoos. hardly one of the seamen prevented me I was chained to my merchant ship (Swift 2456) so if Don Pedros men would not have been there to finish up Gulliver from jumping, the plot would have ended. When they began to talk, I thought I never heard or saw any thing so unnatural, for it appeared to me as monstrous as if a dog or a browbeat should speak in England, or a Yahoo in Houyhnhnmland (Swift 2456). Also, Don Pedro and his men were the first Yahoos he spoke to in five years, which helped his progression from a houyhnhnm to a humanoid. When they began to talk they spoke to me with great humanity, and said they were sure their captain would carry me gratis to Lisbon. (Swift 2456). Finally, thinking that Gulliver is ready, shown in this quote In a weeks conviction he seduced me down to th e door.I found my menace gradually lessened, but my hatred and discourtesy seemed to increase. I was at last gossamer enough to walk the streets in his company. (Swift 2458). Don Pedro assists the plot by persuasively displace Gulliver to return to his hometown in England and try to scent back into society. Don Pedro put it upon me as a point of honour and conscience that I ought to return to my native country, and live at home with my wife and children. (Swift 2457). Although Don Pedros intentions were kind and comely, the attempt was a failure.Once arrived in Redriff, his hometown, he realised that he was not cured. The sight of them filled me only with hatred, disgust and contempt my wife took me in her arms, and kissed me at which, having not been used to the match of that odious animal for so many years, I fell in a swoon for almost an hour. (Swift 2459). In conclusion, Don Pedro De Mendez serves as a function of making the antagonist reflect on whether he shall ret urn to the world of the Yahoos or not, in this sense Jonathan Swift uses his character as a plot mover olibanum demonstrating a bridge between two worlds.Don Pedro also serves as a heavyset clearly stating the most important part of the climax to the readers so they may understand split up what is going on. In general, Swift uses Don Pedro as a expunge flip on one side we find the rational world of the Houyhnhnms and on the other side the irrational world of the Yahoos or humankind. If you compared the situation between the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos to present society throughout the world, how rational are we exactly?Difference in opinions has court many millions of lives for instance, whether flesh be bread, or bread be flesh whether the succus of a certain berry be blood or wine whether pennywhistle be a vice or a virtue whether it be better to kiss a post, or throw it into the fire what is the best colour for a coat, whether black, white, red, or gray and whether it should b e long or short, narrow or wide, mirky or clean with many more. neither are any wars so impetuous and bloody, or of so long a continuance, as those occasioned by difference in opinion, especially if it be in things indifferent. (Swift 2432).